畜禽舍中微生物气溶胶的研究进展

Research progress on microbial aerosols in livestock houses

全球每年因生物气溶胶传播引起的呼吸系统疾病占总呼吸系统疾病的20%,通过气溶胶传播的病原微生物高达数百种,占全部传播途径的首位。在现代规模化、集约化的养殖模式下,畜禽舍中微生物气溶胶不仅对舍内饲养的动物有致病性,而且对饲养人员及周围环境也有一定的危害,严重阻碍了畜牧养殖业的健康发展。文章对畜禽舍内微生物气溶胶的来源、危害、采集方法、检测方法及畜禽养殖场微生物气溶胶的防控等方面进行了综述,并提出畜禽舍中微生物气溶胶的防控方向及应采取的措施,以期为畜禽舍中微生物气溶胶的理论研究和实际防控提供帮助。

According to statistics,the annual global respiratory diseases caused by bio-aerosols account for 20%of total respiratory diseases,and hundreds of pathogenic microorganisms are transmitted through aerosols,accounting for the first place in all transmission routes.Under the modern large-scale and intensive farming mode,the microbial aerosol in the livestock house not only has certain pathogenicity to the animals kept in the house,but also has certain harm to the breeding personnel and the surrounding environment,which seriously hinders the healthy development of animal husbandry and breeding industry.In this paper,the sources,hazards,collection methods,detection methods and prevention and control of microbial aerosols in livestock and poultry farms were reviewed,the prevention and control direction and the measures of microbial aerosols in livestock and poultry houses were put forward,in order to provide help for theoretical research and actual prevention and control of microbial aerosols in livestock houses.