山东省城市中小学生早餐现状与影响因素分析

Breakfast consumption and its influencing factors among urban elementary and middle school students in Shandong province

目的了解山东省城市中小学生早餐行为现状,分析影响因素,为制定干预策略提供理论依据。方法于2017年采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对山东省3城市6161名中小学生进行统一问卷调查。结果山东省城市中小学生每天吃早餐的报告率为79.29%,其中小学生为84.98%,高于中学生的75.34%(χ^2=84.06,P<0.001),性别比较差异无统计学意义;偶尔吃、不吃或基本不吃早餐的报告率中学生均高于小学生;每天早餐行为的影响因素分别为不同城市、是否与父母同住、母亲的文化程度、父亲的职业和知识总分。结论山东省城市中、小学生每天吃早餐的报告率较全国平均水平为低,应加强学校、特别是中学生的膳食营养干预工作,确保学生进食早餐的数量和质量。

Objective To examine the status and influencing factors of breakfast consumption among urban elementary and middle school students in Shandong province and to provide evidences for developing intervention strategies.Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling,we recruited 6161 urban elementary and middle school students in 3 cities of Shandong province and conducted a questionnaire survey among the students in 2017.Results The self-reported rate of having breakfast every day was 79.29% among all the students;there was no gender difference in the rate but the rate was significantly higher among the primary school students than that among the middle school students(84.98% vs.75.34%,χ^2=84.06;P<0.001);whereas,the middle school students reported higher rates of having breakfast occasionally,basically or absolutely skipping breakfast compared to the elementary school students.The main influencing factors for breakfast consumption included residential city,whether living with parents,maternal education,paternal occupation,and the score of knowledge about breakfast in the students.Conclusion The self-reported rate of having breakfast every day among urban elementary and middle school students in Shandong province is lower than that of national average and relevant interventions should be promoted in the students.