重大疫情中谣言治理的法治理性

Legal Rationality of Rumor Control in Major Epidemic

“没有事实根据的传闻,捏造的消息”是“谣言”的固定标签,但新冠肺炎疫情中,武汉8人发布相关信息而受到处罚成为热议焦点后,触动开始反思“谣言”应该如何界定。在法治层面“谣言”和“合理言论”应该有明确的界限,在打击危害社会公共安全“谣言”的同时也要积极保护每个公民的“合理言论”。“合理的言论自由”既应该是“合理的”也应该是“有限度的自由”。这种限度就需要明确的法律规定和积极的法治宣传,从制度层面、民众意识层面对“谣言”有客观的认识;并且在谣言治理中,公权力的介入也需要一定的界限,绝不是简单的“管”或者不断的“删帖”,还需要更多的“疏导”,使公民、公私部门等不同群体的利益达到一种治理的平衡,形成良好的“协同共治”局面。谣言治理的法治理性涵盖内容颇多,政府公信力的加强、民众信任度的增加、媒体报道的客观与理性都是相携而生的,故在疫情过后对科学化、精细化治理理念和整个社会法治理性的形成应该有进一步深思和反省。

"Unfounded rumors,fabricated news"is a fixed label of"rumor".However,in the COVID-19 epidemic,8 people in wuhan were punished for releasing relevant information and became the focus of hot discussion,which triggered a reflection on how to define"rumor".At the level of the rule of law,there should be a clear distinction between"rumor"and"reasonable speech",and we should actively protect every citizen's"reasonable speech"while cracking down on"rumor"that endangers public security."Reasonable freedom of speech"should be both"reasonable"and"limited freedom".Such limits require clear legal provisions and active publicity of the rule of law,and objective understanding of"rumors"from the institutional level and the level of public consciousness;Moreover,in rumor governance,the intervention of public power also needs a certain limit.It is by no means a simple"management"or a continuous"deletion of posts",but also needs more"guidance",so that the interests of citizens,public and private sectors and other different groups can achieve a balance of governance and form a good"co-governance"situation.The legal rationality of rumor governance covers a lot of contents.The enhancement of government credibility,the increase of people's trust,and the objective and rational media reports are all born together.Therefore,after the epidemic,we should have further reflection on the formation of scientific and refined governance concept and the legal rationality of the whole society.