互嵌与协同:社会结构变迁语境下乡村传播结构演变及其影响

Mutual Embedment and Coordination:Evolution and Influence of Rural Communication Structure in the Context of Social Structure Change

纵观中国乡村社会传播结构的历史演变,发现乡村传播结构与社会结构始终存在互嵌与协同演替的规律。乡村传播结构脱胎于社会结构,从属于社会结构,反过来又会影响社会结构的变迁与发展。比照阿尔弗雷德·舒茨将“社会世界”四分为“前人世界”“周遭世界”“共同世界”和“后人世界”的社会类型理论,可以把中国乡村传播结构变迁分为与之对应的四个不同阶段,其中乡村传播结构系统中的人际传播、组织传播、大众传播和新媒体传播等,在不同历史时期对社会结构变迁所产生的影响也各不相同。“前人世界”的中国乡村社区以人际传播和家庭内部的初级群体传播为主,组织传播多为一种摆设,大众传播已经萌生,国际传播雏形初显,但后几种传播模式对乡村社会发展几乎没有多大影响;“周遭世界”虽然仍以人际传播为主,但乡村组织传播的力量逐渐增强,大众传播的影响逐渐兴起;“共同世界”大众传播占据主导地位,其他各种传播模式共生共存;“后人世界”新媒体传播迅速崛起,大众传播式微,组织传播弱化,各种传播模式趋向融合,但整个乡村传播生态系统变化的不确定性变大,对乡村社会结构影响的不确定性也在增大。

Looking throughout the historical evolution of communication structure in Chinese rural society,it can be found that there is always a rule of mutual embedment and coordination between rural communication structure and social structure.Deriving from social structure,rural communication structure is subordinate to social structure,which in turn affects the change and development of social structure.Based on the social type theory,Alfred Schutz divides the“social world”into“predecessor world”,“surrounding world”,“common world”and“posterity world”.We can divide the changes of Chinese rural communication structure into four corresponding stages,the interpersonal communication,organizational communication,mass communication and new media communication with different impacts on social structure in different historical periods.The Chinese rural communities in the“predecessor world”are dominated by interpersonal communication and primary group communication within the family.Organizational communication doesn??t work in most cases.Mass communication has sprouted,and the international communication is taking shape,while the latter communication modes have little impact on the development of rural society.Although the“surrounding world”is still dominated by interpersonal communication,both the power of rural organization communication and the influence of mass communication is rising gradually.In the“common world”,mass communication takes a leading position with the existence of other communication modes.In the“posterity world”,new media communication is rising rapidly with the declining of mass communication and organizational communication,and various communication modes tend to integrate,but the uncertainty of the change of the overall rural communication ecosystem is increasing,hence the increase of the uncertainty in the impact on the rural social structure.