建构学习型组织:瑞典督学专业化发展的经验与启示

The Construction of Learning Organization:Experience and Enlightenment of the Development of Inspectors’Specialization in Sweden

瑞典学校督导局自2008年建立以来实施了多项措施促进督学的专业化发展。队伍建设方面,瑞典要求督学具有丰富的专业背景,包括教育学、法学、统计学等,致力于将督学队伍建设成为学习型组织;专业化培训方面,学校督导局对督学及行政管理人员实施分类培训,让督学掌握以证据为基础的督导方法;知识体系构建方面,要求督学在实践经验的基础上建构并转换具身性知识、文本性知识、行动性知识。借鉴瑞典督学专业化发展的经验,我国在推进督学专业化进程中要注重拓展督学的专业背景以增强彼此的学科互补性,通过系统化培训让督学掌握以证据为基础的督导方法,制定可操作化的工作手册以建构督学的专业知识体系,将督学队伍建设成为学习型组织。

Since its establishment in 2008,Swedish School Inspectorate has implemented a number of measures to promote the professional development of school inspectors.In terms of team building,Sweden requires that inspectors should have rich professional background,including pedagogy,law,statistics,etc.,and should be committed to building the team of inspectors into learning organizations.In terms of professional training,Swedish School Inspectorate conducts classified training for inspectors and their administrative personnel so that inspectors can master evidence-based inspection methods.In terms of knowledge system construction,inspectors are required to construct and transform embodied knowledge,inscribed knowledge and enacted knowledge on the basis of practical experience.With reference to the experience of the development of inspectors’specialization in Sweden,China should pay attention to expanding the professional background of inspectors in order to enhance the disciplinary complementation of each other in the process of promoting inspectors’specialization.Through systematic training,inspectors can master the evidence-based inspection methods,formulate operable work manuals to build the professional knowledge system of inspection,and build the inspectors’team into a learning organization.