家属协同健康教育对冠心病心绞痛患者的干预效果观察

Observation on intervention effect of family members’health education in patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris

目的观察家属协同健康教育对冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(简称冠心病)心绞痛患者自我效能感、心理状态、疾病控制的影响。方法选择2017年1月至2018年6月就诊于山东省青岛市市立医院东院的冠心病心绞痛患者106例为研究对象,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组53例。入院后1周开始,对照组采用常规健康教育模式,观察组在对照组基础上采用家属协同健康教育干预,两组干预时间均为1个月。观察两组患者干预前后自我效能、心理状态、治疗依从性、疾病控制情况变化,评价健康教育满意度。结果与干预前比较,两组患者干预后的自我效能感评分明显升高,且观察组[(33.78±6.50)分]明显高于对照组[(25.80±4.75)分],差异有显著性(P<0.05);干预后两组患者的心理状态均有所改善,观察组心理正常率为71.70%,明显高于对照组的32.08%,差异有显著性(P<0.05);观察组焦虑、恐惧、悲观等负性情绪的发生率分别为20.75%、7.55%、0,明显低于对照组的39.62%、18.87%、9.43%,差异均有显著性(P<0.05)。观察组患者的治疗依从性优于对照组,服药主动性、服药态度等评分分别为(2.57±0.71)分、(2.62±0.44)分,均显著高于对照组的(1.49±0.62)分、(1.50±0.37)分。观察组患者心绞痛每周平均发作次数为(3.20+0.57)次,明显低于对照组的(7.45+0.38)次,心绞痛发作持续时间为(2.20+0.51)min,较对照组的(5.62+0.73)min明显缩短,差异均有显著性(P<0.05);观察组健康教育满意度为96.23%,高于对照组的69.81%,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论家属协同健康教育利于提高冠心病心绞痛患者的自我效能,减轻消极心理状态,提高治疗依从性,促进病情的控制,满意度高,值得临床应用。

Objective To observe the effect of family cooperative health education on self-efficacy,mental state and disease control of patients with coronary heart disease patients with angina pectoris.Method A total of 106 patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris admitted to Qingdao municipal hospital from January 2017 to June 2018 were selected as the study subjects,and were divided into the control group and the observation group with 53 cases in each group according to the random number table method.Starting from 1 week after admission,the control group adopted the routine health education model,and the observation group adopted the family members’coordinated health education intervention on the basis of the control group,the intervention time of both groups was 1 month.The changes of patients’self-efficacy,psychological state,treatment compliance and disease control before and after the intervention were observed,and the health education satisfaction was evaluated.Result Compared with before the intervention,the self-efficacy scores of patients in the two groups were significantly increased after the intervention,and the inter-group comparison showed that the observation group was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05).After the intervention,the psychological state of patients in the two groups was improved.Compared between the two groups,the normal psychological rate of patients in the observation group was as high as 71.70%,which was significantly higher than the normal psychological rate of 32.08%in the control group.The incidence rates of negative emotions such as anxiety,fear and pessimism were 20.75%(11/53),7.55%(4/53)and 0%respectively,which were significantly lower than that of the control group of 39.62%(21/53),18.87%(10/53)and 9.43%(5/53),the differences were all significant(P<0.05).The treatment compliance of patients in the observation group was better than that of the control group,and the scores of taking medicine initiative and attitude were(2.57±0.71)and(2.62±0.44),which were significantly higher than that of the control group of(1.49±0.62)and(1.50±0.37);The average number of angina attacks per week in the observation group was(3.20±0.57)times per week,which was significantly lower than that in the control group of(7.45±0.38).The duration of angina attacks was(2.20±0.51)min,which was significantly shorter than that in the control group of(5.62±0.73)min,the differences were all significant(P<0.05).The satisfaction degree of health education in the observation group was 96.23%,which was higher than 69.81%in the control group,the differences was significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Family cooperative health education is beneficial to improve the self-efficacy of patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris,reduce negative psychological state,improve treatment compliance,and promote the control of the disease.The high degree of satisfaction is worthy of clinical promotion.