车辆碰撞中乘员骨盆力学响应特性的研究

Study on Mechanical Response Characteristics of Occupant Pelvis in Vehicle Crash

本文旨在研究车辆碰撞中乘员骨盆损伤机理和年龄对碰撞响应的影响。首先开发并验证了老年人骨盆的有限元模型。其次,对比研究了3个具有不同年龄特征的骨盆模型(老年骨盆模型、中年骨盆模型GHBMC和儿童骨盆模型CHARM-10)在材料特性、生理特征、力学响应和损伤方面的差异。结果表明:具有相似生理几何尺寸的老年骨盆模型和中年骨盆模型与儿童骨盆模型相比有较大的差异。侧面碰撞实验的结果表明,3种年龄骨盆模型中,老年骨盆模型的碰撞峰值力和受力最大时位移量都最大,而碰撞中最大位移却最小。对碰撞响应数据进行拟合的结果表明,3种年龄骨盆模型的碰撞峰值力皆随冲击能量呈指数增长,而碰撞中最大位移量则随冲击能量呈线性增长。应力云图分析结果表明,骨盆在侧向冲击下最易受伤或骨折的部位是耻骨支、骶髂关节和髋臼。

The mechanism of occupant pelvis injury and the effects of age on its impact response are studied in this paper.Firstly the finite element model for the elder pelvis is developed and verified.Then,three pelvis models with different age characteristics(elder pelvis model,middle-aged pelvis model GHBMC and child pelvis model CHARM-10)are used to compare their differences in material properties,physiological characteristics,mechanical response and impact injury.The results show that the elder and middle-aged pelvis models have similar physiological geometry,but they are quite different from the child pelvis model.The results of side impact experiment indicate that among three pelvis models for different ages,the elder pelvis model has the largest peak impact force and deflection at maximum force,but has the smallest deflection under impact.According to the fitting of impact response data,with the rise of impact energy,the peak impact force exhibits an exponential increase while the maximum deflection shows a linear increase for all three pelvis models of different ages.Finally the results of analysis on stress nephogram indicate that the parts of pelvis prone to injury and fracture are ischio-pubic rami,iliac-sacral junction and acetabulum.