基于汽车碰撞事故的人体头部有限元模型建立与验证

Establishment and Validation of Human Head Finite Element Model Based on Automobile Collision Accident

为研究汽车碰撞事故中人体头部损伤机理,建立并验证具有较高生物逼真度的头部三维有限元模型.采用计算机断层扫描和磁共振相结合的医学成像技术,利用数字图像识别和网格剖分技术,获得50百分位人体头部有限元网格.通过碰撞仿真分析,得到撞击力、颅内加速度、颅内典型碰撞位置(碰撞侧、碰撞对侧、上下枕骨)的应力和压力变化规律,并与国外经典的尸体试验数据进行对比分析.仿真分析结果与试验中颅内压力、颅内运动学等生物力学参数吻合良好,能够准确反映真实碰撞过程中人体头部的生物力学响应情况.建立的头部三维有限元模型精确度较高,能够进一步应用于汽车碰撞事故中人体头部损伤力学机理研究.

In order to study the mechanism for human head injury in automobile collision accidents,a three-dimensional finite element model of the head with high biological fidelity was established and verified.The medical imaging technology combining computer tomography(CT)and magnetic resonance(MRI)was used.Digital image recognition and meshing technology were used to obtain a 50-percentile finite element mesh of the human head.Through collision simulation analysis,the stress and pressure changes of impact force,intracranial acceleration,and typical intracranial collision locations(collision side,contralateral side,superior and inferior occiput)were obtained,and compared with the overseas classical cadaver experiment data.The simulation analysis results are in good agreement with the experimental biomechanical parameters such as intracranial pressure and intracranial kinematics,which can accurately reflect the biomechanical response of human heads during real collisions.The three-dimensional finite element model of the head is more accurate and can be further applied to the mechanical mechanism of head injury in automobile collision accident.