新疆石河子地区气温及蒸发量变化特征分析

Analysis on the Characteristics of Temperature and Evaporation in Shihezi Area of Xinjiang

利用新疆石河子地区1954~2018年平均气温、蒸发量资料,采用线性趋势变化、序列相关系数及累积距平和信噪比等分析方法,研究气候变暖与蒸发量变化特征。结果表明:1954~2018年石河子地区气温升高趋势明显,年平均气温气候倾向率为0.349℃/10a;四季中春季、夏季和秋季气温升高趋势明显,而冬季不明显,四季平均气温气候倾向率分别为0.549、0.331、0.353、0.174℃/10a。石河子地区年蒸发总量减少趋势明显,气候倾向率为-32.269mm/10a;四季中春季、夏季和秋季减少趋势明显,而冬季不明显,四季蒸发量气候倾向率分别为-11.678、-17.533、-9.471、-0.439mm/10a。年平均气温气候突变在1997/1998年,春、夏、秋季平均气温存在气候突变分别在1996/1997、1995/1996、1993/1994年,冬季平均气温不存在气候突变。蒸发年总量气候突变在1997/1998年,春、夏、秋季蒸发量存在气候突变分别在2001/2002、1998/1999年,冬季蒸发量不存在气候突变。气温升高使得气候变暖,受其影响蒸发量随之减少。研究结果可为新疆气候干旱区水平衡问题研究提供参考。

Based on the data of average temperature and evaporation from 1954 to 2018 in Shihezi area,Xinjiang,the characteristics of climate warming and evaporation are studied by using linear trend change,sequence correlation coefficient,cumulative anomaly and signal-to-noise ratio.The results show that:the annual average temperature climate tendency rate is 0.349℃/10a in Shihezi area from 1954 to 2018,and the temperature tendency rate in spring,summer and autumn are obvious,but not in winter.The average temperature climate tendency rate are 0.549,0.331,0.353 and 0.174℃/10a,respectively.In Shihezi area,the total annual evaporation decreased significantly,and the climate tendency rate was-32.269mm/10a;in spring,summer and autumn,the trend was obvious,but not in winter,and the climate tendency rate of the four seasons evaporation was-11.678,-17.533,-9.471,-0.439mm/10a,respectively.The abrupt change of annual average temperature was in 1997/1998,while that of spring,summer and autumn was in 1996/1997,1995/1996 and 1993/1994,respectively.In 1997/1998,there was a climate change in the total amount of evaporation year,2001/2002 and 1998/1999 in spring,summer and autumn,respectively,and there was no climate change in winter.As the temperature increases,the climate warms,and the evaporation decreases.The results can be used as a reference for the study of water balance in Xinjiang.