历史反思、文化追寻与生命渴望——论普希金的黑海-亚速海抒写

Historical Reflection,Cultural Pursuit and Life’s Yearning——On Pushkin’s Description of Black Sea and Azov Sea

黑海-亚速海是俄国海洋战略的重要目标,是古代文化的见证和载体,孕育着秀美、辽阔的自然风光与生动、蓬勃的生命气息。普希金整体认可俄国的黑海-亚速海战略,高度评价了彼得、叶卡捷琳娜二世的黑海-亚速海功绩,但也指出了失误与不足。普希金的文化追寻、文化体悟以及文化抒写,激活了黑海-亚速海空间沉睡的古代文化,确立了俄国文学以黑海-亚速海空间指示古代文化的抒写传统。普希金亲临黑海-亚速海,体验了“自觉的自由自在”,恢复了“心灵的生机”,创作了一系列包含强烈“生命激情”的海洋诗篇,不仅使黑海-亚速海频频进入俄国文学以及俄国诗人的生命历程,而且也为后世文学的海洋抒写提供了样式与典范。

The Black Sea-the Azov Sea is not only an important goal of Russia’s marine strategy,but also the witness and carrier of ancient culture and heritage,breeding a beautiful and vast natural scenery and vivid as well as a vigorous life atmosphere.Pushkin not merely recognized Russia’s Black Sea-Azov Sea strategy as a whole,highly appraising Peter and Ekaterina II's Black Sea-Azov Sea achievements,but pointed out the mistakes and shortcomings as well.Pushkin’s cultural pursuit,cultural understanding and cultural expression activated the ancient culture of the Black Sea and the Azov Sea.Pushkin personally visited the Black Sea-Azov Sea,experiencing“self-conscious freedom”,restoring“the vitality of the soul”,and creating a series of poetic texts containing“passion of life”about Black Sea-Azov Sea.It not only brings the Black Sea and the Azov Sea into both Russian literature and the life course of Russian poets,but also provides the style and model for the later literature.