经学语境中的文学观照——论《书经直解》之文学思想及其价值

Literary Observation in the Context of Confucian Classics——On the Literary Thoughts and Value of Vernacular Annotation to the Book of History

《书经直解》是张居正经筵讲章之代表著作。是书从多方面展现了张居正“以文入经”的解经特色:第一,讲究层次、结构谨严,注重经文诠释的完整性;第二,善用举例、比喻,消解《尚书》文辞之古奥难读;第三,承袭八股文“长对偶”与“代圣立言”的话语模式,解经如作文。经解中的此种文学观照,一方面展现了张居正对于教育对象(幼年皇帝)特殊性的现实体认;另一方面,理学视域下阐释儒家经典的思维方式与八股文章的创作方式又实有异曲同工之处。张居正将文学话语融于经学语境,既是对时代思潮的积极回应,又为我们当下把握、诠释经典提供了指导价值和借鉴路径。

The book Vernacular Annotation to the Book of History is the representative works of Zhang Juzheng's lectures of classics.The book reveals the characteristics of Zhang Juzheng’s way of“lecturing the classics with literature”from various aspects:His lectures are characterized firstly by recherchélevels,strict structure and laying emphasis on the completion of annotation to the classic texts,secondly by rational usage of metaphors,analogy,clearing up the archaic and abstruse illegibility of the dictions in The Book of History,and thirdly by following the stereotyped writing of“long paralleled antithesis”and discourse pattern of“expounding sage’s ideas in writing”,explaining the classics like composition.This literary observation of interpreting the classics in this way,on the one hand,reflects Zhang Juzheng’s real realization of the specialty to the educational object(young emperor),and on the other hand,shows the way of writing eight part essay in the light of Neo-Confucianism has something in common with the way of explaining Confucian classics.Zhang Juzheng put literary discourse into the context of Confucian classics,which is not only an active response to the contemporary ideology but also provides us with both a guiding value and a referential path to grasp and annotate the Confucian classics at present.