基于教育设施分布的典型学区空间居住分异研究

Study on Spatial Residential Differentiation of Typical School Districts Based on the Distribution of Educational Facilities

教育设施作为外部性很强的公共物品,其空间配置的失衡、需求的分化进一步强化了自由住房制度下社会群体的居住空间分异。本文通过四个案例学区的调研问卷,结合居住空间分异的相关理论,从家庭教育背景、收入水平、职业构成、邻里关系等方面探讨微观空间的居住分异情况,发现优势教育资源对居住空间有固化作用,居住空间的分异又强化了教育资源的非均衡格局,同时家庭背景深刻影响基础教育的选择。因此,文章提出通过加强设施投入、创新学区管理制度等方式促进教育的均衡发展,以期缓解由此造成的居住空间分异。

Educational facilities,as public goods with strong externalities,further strengthen the spatial differentiation of social groups under the free housing system due to the imbalance of spatial allocation and demand differentiation.In this paper,through the investigation questionnaire of four areas,combining with related theory of the differentiation of residential space,the micro space differentiation is explored from several aspects including the family education background,income level,occupation and neighborhood relationship.It is found that the education resources have curing effect to the living space,and the residential space differentiation have reinforced the unbalanced pattern of education resources.Meanwhile,family background deeply influences the choice of basic education.In order to alleviate the difference of living space caused by this,it is proposed to strengthen the facility investment and innovate the management system of school district to promote the balanced development of education.