营养知识、态度和行为干预对潜艇官兵膳食营养状况及健康状况的改善效果

Nutrition knowledge-attitude-practice intervention in dietary nutrition and health of submariners

目的:探讨营养知识、态度和行为(KAP)干预对潜艇官兵营养状况和体检结果的干预效果,为促进潜艇官兵身体健康、强健体质提供策略。方法:采用整群随机抽样法选取264名潜艇官兵进行营养KAP干预1年,干预前后分别进行营养KAP问卷调查、膳食营养状况调查和健康状况检查。结果:干预1年后潜艇官兵营养KAP得分(36.17±5.72)较干预前(32.18±5.16)显著提高,差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。膳食营养状况:干预后油脂类摄入量为(82.78±26.38) g,较干预前(121.24±21.32) g显著降低;干预后奶类摄入量为(220.36±20.57) g,较干预前(112.26±46.48) g显著提高;差异均有统计学意义( P<0.05)。健康状况:干预后体检结果异常检出率为45.18%,较干预前的73.31%显著降低,差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。 结论:通过对潜艇官兵进行营养KAP干预,官兵膳食营养状况及体检结果得到改善,营养KAP干预可有效保障官兵健康。

Objective To investigate dietary nutritional and health conditions of submariner with knowledge-attitude-practice(KAP)intervention,so as to provide a reference and guidance to enhance the health condition and body constitution of the officers and sailors in submarine.Methods A total of 264 submariners,selected by cluster random sampling,had received nutrition-KAP intervention for 1 year.Before and after the intervention,we carried out nutrition-KAP questionnaire surveys,dietary nutritional condition surveys and health examinations.Results After one-year-long intervention,the score of the nutrition-KAP questionnaire(36.17±5.72)was significantly higher than that before intervention.As for the dietary nutrition analysis:the fat intake per person was(82.78±26.38)g/day,which was significantly lower than that(121.24±21.32)g/day before intervention;the diary intake per person was(220.36±20.57)g/day,which was significantly higher than that(112.26±46.48)g/day before intervention;all these differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Physical examination analysis:the incidence of abnormal physical findings was 45.18%,which was statistically lower than that(73.31%)before intervention(P<0.05).Conclusion The submariners′dietary nutritional and health condition were improved by the nutrition-KAP intervention,which could effectively promote the health condition of the officers and sailors in submarine.