西方儿童虐待成因的发展生态模型理论研究述评

A Review of Western Study on the Causation Theory of Developmental-Ecological Model ofChild Abuse

发展生态模型是西方儿童虐待成因研究的重要理论框架,但国内对此缺少系统性介绍。该理论认为,儿童虐待产生自互动个体与嵌套生态系统层面间的交互影响,它主要以生态系统理论为理论基础,并以“生态整合模型”和“生态交互模型”为代表性理论模型。该理论具有重要的方法论意义,它可促使研究者突破单因素变量研究的窠臼,并转向多因素共构视角去理解儿童虐待成因;同时,也为儿童虐待治理实践提供了多因素和多层次的系统干预视角。该理论的出现丰富了儿童虐待研究者的理论想象力,可为我国家庭、学校等场域的儿童虐待和儿童保护研究和干预提供启示。

The Developmental-Ecological Model is an important theoretical framework for the study of the causes of child abuse in the West,but there is no systematic introduction in China.The theory holds that child abuse produces interactions between self-interactive individuals and nested ecosystems.It is based on ecosystem theory and uses the“ecological integration model”and“ecological interaction model”as representative models.This theory has important methodological significance,which can prompt researchers to break through the shackles of single factor variable research,and turn to multi-factor co-construction perspective to understand the causes of child abuse;at the same time,it also provides multi-factor and multi-level for child abuse governance practice.The emergence of this theory enriches the theoretical imagination of child abuse researchers and provides insights into child abuse and child protection research and intervention in areas such as families and schools in China.