非洲猪瘟病原学和流行病学研究新进展

Research Progress on Etiology and Epidemiology of African Swine Fever

全球非洲猪瘟疫情形势十分严峻,2019年以来共29个国家/地区报告了新发或正在流行的疫情,非洲猪瘟的防控备受全世界关注。为全面了解非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)特性,概述了近年来对ASFV病原学特性和流行病学特点的一些新认识:ASFV对外界抵抗力较强,但怕干燥、高温、强酸和强碱;除家猪、野猪、软蜱外,苍蝇也可能扮演着储存宿主的角色;污染的饲料、饮用水也是ASFV的重要传染源,其中饮水造成ASFV感染的剂量更低,二者的风险点相差1万倍,防控时要高度重视饮用水;非洲猪瘟传播途径较多,但肉制品、环境、设备或车辆、人员是传播的重要风险因素,管理好其流动是防控的关键。本文对于识别非洲猪瘟的所有潜在传染源和传播途径,以便采取更有效的防控措施具有参考意义。

The emerging or prevalent outbreaks of African swine fever(ASF)have been reported in 29 countries/territories since 2019,its prevention and control has been concerned around the world due to the serious threats. In order to make clear the characteristics of African swine fever virus(ASFV),some new knowledge about the etiology and epidemiology found in recent years was summarized,that was,the virus was with strong resistance to outside conditions,except dryness,high temperature,strong acid and strong alkaline;its reservoir hosts might include flies in addition to domestic pigs,wild boars and soft ticks;the virus might spread via polluted feed and drinking water,especially the latter that needed to be highly concerned due to its risk level which was 10 000 times higher than that of polluted feed;in spite of various transmission pathways,it was the key to manage the movements of meat products,equipment or vehicles and personnel as well as environmental changes that were the major risk factors. As a conclusion,the study might contribute to the implementation of effective prevention and control measures through identifying all potential sources and transmission pathways of ASFV.