弓形虫病诊断方法研究进展

Research Progress on the Detection Methods of Toxoplasmosis

弓形虫病(toxoplasmosis)是一种由弓形虫引起的严重危害人类及动物健康的人兽共患原虫病。目前没有理想的治疗药物,早期确诊是有效的防控手段之一。本文从病原学、免疫学、分子生物学角度,总结了各诊断方法的优缺点。病原学检测虽然操作简便,但不适于大规模检测,而且费时费力,灵敏度低;免疫学检测方法操作简便、特异性和敏感性强,其中ELISA方法是最常用的一种检测方法;分子生物学检测虽然准确性、灵敏度、特异性较高,但大多操作比较繁琐,需要特殊的仪器设备。提出未来研究方向是研制适于大量样品检测以及流行病学调查的商品化ELISA方法试剂盒,以及可直接对多种组织中弓形虫病原进行检测的商品化分子生物学试剂盒。

As a kind of zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii(T. gondii),toxoplasmosis seriously endangers human and animal health. At present,early detection is one of the effective methods due to the lack of appropriate drugs. In this paper,the detection methods of etiology,immunology and molecular biology were summarized. According to the summary and analysis,etiology detection was time-consuming and laborious with low sensitivity,which was not suitable for large amounts of samples although it was easy to operation;immunology detection had characteristics of simple operation,high sensitivity and strong specificity,especially,ELISA was commonly used in practice;molecular biology detection was more complex and needed special instruments although it was with strong accuracy,sensitivity and specificity. Therefore,the commercial ELISA kit appropriate to a large number of samples and epidemiological investigation as well as the commercial molecular biology kit for directly detecting T. gondii in various tissues should be developed in the future.