外泌体新型药物运载系统的研究进展

Research progress in exosomes as a new drug delivery system

外泌体是来源于细胞内膜系统的囊泡样纳米结构,直径在40~100 nm之间,可由各种类型的细胞分泌释放。外泌体携带源于母细胞的分子物质,如蛋白质、mRNA、miRNA和脂类,参与机体的生理和病理过程。由于具有毒性低、无免疫原性和渗透性好等优势,外泌体作为新型的药物运载系统已成为众多研究者关注的焦点。本文基于外泌体特有的纳米结构和生理功能,就近年来外泌体载药系统研究的发展历程、载药优势及外泌体的工程化改造的现状和可能遇到的问题进行概述。

Exosomes,the vesicle-like nanostructures with a diameter between 40-100 nm,are derived from the cell inner membrane system and can be secreted and released by various types of cells.The molecules in exosomes,such as proteins,mRNA,miRNA and lipids,derive from parent cells and participate in the body′s physiological and pathological processes.Given the low toxicity,non-immunogenicity and good permeability,exosomes are considered to be an ideal carrier for the drug delivery system.Based on the unique nanostructures and physiological functions of exosomes,this article summarizes the current research on exosomes as a drug carrier,advantages of exosomes and possible problems with engineering preparation.