基于冲突视角的美国大学竞技体育管理经验及启示

Management Experience and Enlightenment of Competitive Sports of American Colleges from the Conflict Perspective

运用文献资料法和对比分析法,研究美国大学竞技体育冲突和冲突管理,为促进我国大学竞技体育发展提供借鉴。研究认为:美国大学竞技体育存在着价值、利益和角色冲突,冲突管理经验主要包括通过坚持业余主义核心价值观,适度变革以缓解内部张力;构建联盟型组织体系,通过民主协商化解利益冲突;构建完善的制度体系,做到以法治体。对我国的启示:重视竞技体育的多重价值,营造大学竞技体育主流文化;改革大学竞技体育管理体制,建设大学间的联盟型组织;改革财政补贴机制,妥善处理利益相关各方经济收益;深化大学运动员招生制度改革,加强学生学术管理。

In order to provide references for the development of college sports in China,the paper analyses the conflicts of college sports and conflicts management in America by the methods of literature review and comparative analysis.Conclusions:there are some conflicts of value,interest and role in American college sports and management experiences include easing the internal tension by adhering to the core values of amateurism with moderate reform,constructing alliancetype organization system for resolving conflicts of interest through democratic consultation,improving the institutional system.The enlightenment includes paying more attention to the multiple values of competitive sports and creating the mainstream culture of college sports reforming the management system of college sports and constructing an alliance organization among colleges,reforming financial subsidy mechanism to balance the interests of stakeholders properly,deepening the college-enrollment system for athletes and strengthening students’academic management.