新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下防喷溅面罩在发热隔离病房气管切开患者中的应用

Application of anti-splash masks in patients with novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia undergoing tracheotomy in isolation ward during the coronavirus outbreak

目的在新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间,观察防喷溅面罩在发热隔离病房气管切开患者(使用吸氧面罩)中的应用效果。方法选取2019年12月-2020年3月在发热隔离病房使用吸氧面罩的气切患者13例,使用自制的防喷溅面罩防止患者从气切处通过飞沫、气溶胶喷溅污染周围环境及医务人员等,观察使用前后患者对环境的污染度、呼吸频率、血氧饱和度及痰液黏稠度的变化。结果气切患者使用防喷溅面罩后,对环境的污染度明显少于使用前,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),患者呼吸频率均保持在16~20次/min,血氧饱和度均维持在95%~100%,气道湿化效果满意。结论防喷溅面罩可减少气道分泌物对环境的污染,在COVID-19疫情期可以对患者本身和相关医护人员进行防护。此方法不仅在COVID-19疫情期间可以使用,也可作为其他通过呼吸道传播的感染性疾病(如甲流等)及日常工作的防护手段。

Objective Application effect of anti-splash masks in patients with novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia undergoing tracheotomy in isolation ward during the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods Thirteen patients undergoing tracheotomy with the use of oxygen mask in the fever isolation ward were selected from December 2019-March 2020. The patients of the self-made anti-splash masks were used to prevent from contaminating the surrounding environment and the medical staff by splashing droplets and aerosols from the treated area. The patients were observed for the changes of pollution environment degree, respiratory rate, blood oxygen saturation and sputum viscosity before and after treatment.Results The degree of pollution to the environment was significantly lower in the patients with tracheotomy after using the anti-splash mask than before that, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The respiratory rate and the blood oxygen saturation of the patients were maintained at 16~20 times/min, and at 95%~100% respectively.The airway humidification effect of the patients was satisfactory.Conclusions Anti-splash mask can reduce the pollution of airway secretions to the environment. and can protect the patients themselves and related medical staff during the epidemic period of COVID-19. This method can be used not only during the outbreak of COVID-19, but also as a means of protection against other infectious diseases(such as influenza a virus) transmitted by respiratory tract, and as a protective measure for daily work.