3099例孕妇孕期运动行为及相关影响因素分析

Exercise behavior and its relevant factors in 3099 pregnant women during pregnancy

【目的】了解孕妇孕期运动现状、相关知识掌握水平及影响因素,为有针对性地指导孕妇合理运动提供依据。【方法】采用自行设计的问卷对上海嘉定区3099例初次产检孕妇进行运动方式及运动认知现场调查。【结果】65.21%的孕妇经常锻炼,每次锻炼时间<20 min、20~40 min、>40 min者分别占29.14%、60.96%和9.90%。经常锻炼者锻炼方式主要选择慢走,占87.14%。34.79%的孕妇不锻炼,主要原因是"不愿意活动""没时间"。本人文化程度、丈夫文化程度、年龄、BMI、营养门诊就诊史是孕期运动行为相关因素(P<0.01)。【结论】目前孕妇孕期运动方式单一。医护人员应加强对孕妇健康教育,把孕妇家庭成员纳入健康教育对象,改进健康教育方式,充分发挥互联网优势。培养产科医生、营养师及社区医生专业能力,正确指导孕妇选择安全有效的孕期运动方式。

[Objective]To investigate the current situation of the exercise,relevant knowledge and impact factors in pregnant women during pregnancy,providing references to instruct pregnant women to do suitable exercise.[Methods]Self-designed questionnaires were used to investigate the exercise behavior and cognition in 3099 pregnant women who visited the clinic for first-time prenatal examination at Jiading District of Shanghai.[Results]It was found in investigation that 65.21%pregnant women often did exercise,of whom 29.14%did less than 20 minutes exercise every time,while 60.96%did 20 to 40 minutes,and 9.90%did more than 40 minutes.Slow-walking was the majority choice,which counted for 87.14%in pregnant women.And 34.79%pregnant women did not do exercise,mainly due to"wouldn′t like to do exercise"or"don′t have time for it".Age,body mass index(BMI),educational level with the pregnant women as well as their husbands impact factors related to their exercise behavior during pregnancy(P<0.01).[Conclusion]At present,pregnant women exercise mode is unitary during pregnancy.Doctors and nurses should advocate more on health education for them,and family members should be involved in health education program as well.We should improve the education health system and give full play to the advantages of the Internet,train obstetricians,nutritionists,community doctors and other weight management professionals,improve service capabilities,and instruct pregnant women to choose safe and effective exercise during pregnancy.