进出口贸易抑制了企业创新吗--基于收入差距的调节作用

Does the Import and Export Trade Inhibit Enterprise Innovation--Based on the Moderating Role of Income Gap

开放经济下企业进出口与企业创新的关系备受学者们关注,但从收入差距的视角出发探讨进出口对企业创新的影响的相关研究较少。鉴于此,文章利用工业企业数据库与海关贸易数据库的合并数据,实证检验企业进出口、收入差距和企业创新三者之间的关系,结果显示:(1)出口依赖对企业创新无确定性作用,中间品进口依赖则不利于企业的创新活动;(2)收入差距显著抑制了企业的创新活动,但有效缓和了企业进口对企业创新的抑制作用;(3)收入差距对创新的作用受到地区人均收入水平的限制,人均收入越高,抑制作用越明显;(4)企业出口规模不会对收入差距的直接抑制作用产生明显的影响。研究结论对全面开放新格局下进出口贸易政策的调整以及中国企业向全球价值链高端攀升有一定的参考价值。

The relationship between the imports and exports of enterprises and enterprise innovation in open economy has attracted considerable scholarly attention,yet the impact of imports and exports on enterprise innovation in relation to income gap remains largely elusive. In view of this,this paper examined the combined data of the Industrial Enterprise Database and the Customs Trade Database to determine the relationship between the imports and exports of enterprises,income gap,and enterprise innovation. The results of regression show that:( 1) dependence on exports has no deterministic effect on enterprise innovation,while dependence on imports on intermediate products is not conducive to enterprise innovation;( 2) income gap significantly deters innovation,but mitigates the negative effect of imports on enterprise innovation;( 3) the effect of income gap on innovation is limited by the level of regional per capita income;the higher the per capita income,the more significant the limitation;( 4) the export scale of enterprises does not impact significantly the restriction set by income gap. Our conclusions have considerable value for the process of adjustment of policies on import and export trade under the new strategy of "comprehensive opening-up",as Chinese enterprises endeavor to rise towards the higher stages of the global value chain.