从反文化、救世主到安全专家:科幻电影的黑客想象

Changes in the Image of Hackers in Sci-fi Movies: from Anti-culture Figures to Saviors and then to Security Experts

黑客在以计算机为龙头的信息革命中崭露头角。就身份而言,黑客在与朋客的交集中肯定了自身的独立性诉求,在与飞客的交集中强调了自己的技术性倾向,在与侠客的交集中强调了自身的道义性目标。"黑客之镜"是科幻电影功能的一种隐喻,包含3种可能的含义:编导用以映射黑客形象的镜子,观众用以体认黑客的镜子,黑客用以映射或认识世界的镜子。它体现了黑客观察世界的特有方式,因为这种方式既是黑客形象的特征,又是认识黑客的切入点,同时对黑客自省具备一定的价值。上述方式的特点是从暗处看明处("黑")、从客位看主位("客")、从虚拟看真实("镜")。随着信息革命的深入发展,科幻电影创意视野中的黑客因为范围扩大、内部分化、角色变化而展示了多种发展的可能性。

Hackers emerge in the information revolution with the computer as the leader. Hackers share many similarities with punks, phreaks, and swordsmen, but what is different about them is that hackers affirm their appeal for independence, emphasize technical tendency, and moral objectives. "Hacker’s mirror" is a metaphor for the function of sci-fi movies, which contains three possible meanings: the mirror used by the director to project the image of the hacker, the mirror used by the audience to observe and recognize the hacker, and the mirror used by the hacker to project or understand the world. It is reflective of the specific way hackers observe the world, because this way is not only characteristic of the hacker’s image, but also the starting point to understand hackers, and could be valuable for hackers’ introspection. The above-mentioned method is characterized by seeing the daylight from the darkness("黑"),seeing the subject from the object("客"), and seeing the reality from the virtual world("镜"). With the further development of information revolution, hackers in the creative production of sci-fi movies may have more diverse images due to wider scope, internal differentiation and role changes.