弹体头部形状对碳纤维层合板抗冲击性能影响实验研究

Tests for effects of projectile nose shape on anti-impact performance of carbon fiber reinforced plates

为研究弹体头部形状对碳纤维层合板抗冲击性能的影响,利用一级气炮发射卵形头弹、半球形头弹和平头弹,对2 mm厚碳纤维层合板进行了冲击实验。利用公式拟合处理实验数据,揭示弹体头部形状对靶板弹道极限与能量吸收的影响,并且分析靶板冲击损伤形貌及机理特征。研究结果表明:平头弹弹道极限最高,半球形头弹次之,卵形头弹最低。弹体在低速度冲击时,弹体头部形状对靶板能量吸收率的影响更为显著。平头弹冲击时,靶板迎弹面受到均匀分布的环向剪切力,纤维同时被剪切,基体发生大面积剪切破坏。半球形头弹冲击时,靶板迎弹面受到非均匀分布的剪切力和挤压作用,纤维发生剪切断裂和拉伸断裂,基体发生剪切破坏和挤压破碎。卵形头弹冲击时,纤维发生单一的拉伸断裂,而基体则发生挤压破碎。弹体头部形状对靶板损伤的影响主要集中在迎弹面和中部纤维层。

To investigate effects of projectile nose shape on anti-impact performance of carbon fiber reinforced plates(CFRPs),a one-stage gas gun was used to launch ogival-nosed projectiles,hemispherical-nosed ones and blunt-nosed ones on the target of a 2mm thick CFRP in impact tests.The test data were processed using the formula fitting method to reveal effects of projectile nose shape on the target plate’s ballistic limit and energy absorption,and analyze impact damage morphology and mechanism features of the target plate.The results showed that blunt-nosed projectiles’ballistic limit is the highest,hemispherical-nosed ones’is the second,and oval-nosed ones’is the lowest;when projectiles impacting the target at low velocity,effects of projectile nose shape on target plate energy absorption rate are more significant;when blunt-nosed projectiles impacting target,target plate facing surface is subjected to uniformly distributed annular shear force,and fibers are cut at the same time,plate’s matrix has large area shear failure;when hemispherical-nosed projectiles impacting target,target plate facing surface is subjected to non-uniform distributed shear force and squeezing action,fibers have shear fracture and tensile fracture,and matrix has shear failure and attrition crushing;when ogival-nosed projectiles impacting target,fibers have single tensile fracture while matrix has attrition crushing;effects of projectile nose shape on target damage mainly focus on facing surface and middle fiber layers.