废旧硬质合金回收方法及其研究进展

Research progress and development trend of scrap cemented carbide recycling

随着硬质合金应用领域的拓展,我国硬质合金产量也逐年提高,生产及使用过程中产生的硬质合金废料也逐渐增多,这些废料中钨含量(指质量分数,下同)约40%~95%,钴含量约3%~20%。因此,如何高效地回收钨和钴不仅具有重要的经济价值,对缓解我国钨、钴资源需求压力也有重要意义,成为备受关注的课题。文中综述了锌熔法、机械破碎法、电化学法、氧化法和酸浸法的研究现状,基本原理,回收工艺以及对回收方法进行了展望,指出改善现有的回收技术,多种工艺相结合开发出回收成本低,污染小,高品质回收料的工艺是未来主要的研究方向。

The production of cemented carbide has increased in recent years in China because of dramatically increasing demand for cemented carbide in traditional application fields.In the process of production and application,cemented carbide scrap has also gradually increased.Tungsten content in these materials is about 40%~95%,and cobalt content about 3%~20%.Therefore,the efficient recovery of tungsten and cobalt is not only of great economic value,but also of great significance for relieving the demand pressure of tungsten and cobalt resources in China.The research status,basic principle,recovery process and recovery method of zinc melting method,the mechanical crushing method,electrochemical method,oxidation method and acid leaching method were reviewed.It is pointed out that the main research direction in the future is to improve the existing recovery technology and develop a process with low recovery cost,low pollution and high quality of recycled materials by combining various processes.