结核分枝杆菌检测技术研究进展

Advances in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

结核是由结核分枝杆菌引起的一种世界性疾病,为最受关注的公共卫生问题之一。虽然近年来结核病的发病率呈下降趋势,但其对人类健康造成的危害仍十分严峻。患者的及时上报是结核病防控的重要环节之一,报告率的上升有助于提高结核的治愈率以及卫生机构对结核患者的管理强度。快速、准确的诊断方法直接影响结核病的报告率,影响疾病传播和患者管理,是控制结核发病的基础。近年来,分子诊断技术发展迅速,为结核病的快速诊断提供了新的思路。分子诊断技术检测速度快,灵敏度、特异度、准确率高,绝大多数技术成本低廉,可同时对多个样本进行检测,实用性较强,具有较好的发展前景。本文对现阶段临床上实际应用的结核诊断技术与近年来出现的新型分子诊断技术进行简要概述。

Tuberculosis(TB)is a worldwide disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis,which is one of the most popular public health problem.In recent years,although the incidence of tuberculosis(TB)is on the decline,the impact of human health is still serious.Patients with timely communication is one of the important link in the TB prevention and control.The increased reporting rates can help improve TB cure rates and the intensity of TB management in health facilities.Rapid and accurate diagnosis has a direct impact on TB reporting rates,disease transmission and patient management,and is fundamental to controlling the onset of TB.Nowadays,the rapid development of molecular diagnosis technology provides a new idea for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis.Molecular diagnostic technology has the advantages of fast detection speed,which has high sensitivity,specificity and accuracy,low cost for most of the technologies,and can be used to detect multiple samples at the same time.This paper gives a brief overview of current clinical application of tuberculosis diagnosis technology and the new molecular diagnosis technology in recent years.