社会学视域下涂尔干的道德教育思想研究

Research on Durkheim’s Moral Education Theory from the Perspective of Sociology

该文通过论证认为,埃米尔·涂尔干首次将实证主义社会学引入道德教育领域,为现代道德教育的实施提供了新思路。在涂尔干看来,社会是高于个体的现实存在,同样也是个体道德的塑造者,道德起源于社会,并归属于社会,任何脱离社会集体而谈论个体道德的研究都是片面的。他认为道德教育的根本目的在于培养理性和自主的社会个体,并以此提出学校德育论。涂尔干的社会道德论述为国内现行德育模式提供符合儿童发展规律的价值参考和理论启示。

Durkheim introduced positivist sociology into the field of moral education for the first time,which provided new ideas for the implementation of modern moral education.In Durkheim’s view,the society is the reality higher than the individual,and it is also the shaper of individual morality.Morality originates from the society and ultimately belongs to the society.Any study of individual morality without social collectivity is one-sided.He believes that the fundamental purpose of moral education is to cultivate rational and independent social individuals,and thus puts forward the theory of school moral education.Durkheim’s social moral exposition provides the value reference and theoretical enlightenment for the current moral education mode in China that conforms to the law of children’s development.