基于社会力模型的三维阶梯教室行人疏散仿真研究

Simulation study of pedestrian evacuation in three-dimensional lecture theatre based on social force model

为研究三维阶梯教室内座位布局及单双门对行人疏散效果的影响,改进社会力模型,模拟单双门情况下4种常见座位布局的行人疏散过程,从宏观和微观2个层面分析行人的疏散效果及内在的物理机制。结果表明:在限定门口宽度下,单开后门的平均总疏散时间均小于单开前门,而双门情形下的平均总疏散时间最小;从微观密度图来看,无论是单开前门、单开后门,还是双门均打开,4种座位布局中发生人员拥挤的位置相似。但单开后门情况下高密度区域的峰值高于单开前门,而双门情况下行人承受拥挤的压力最小,发生事故的风险小。

In order to study the influence of seat layout and single or double doors on the effect of pedestrian evacuation in the three-dimensional lecture theatre,the social force model was improved to simulate the pedestrian evacuation process of four common seat layouts under the condition of single or double doors,then the effect of pedestrian evacuation and the internal physical mechanism were analyzed from the macro and micro levels.The results showed that under the limited width of doorway,the average total evacuation time when only opening the back door were all smaller than those when only opening the front door,while the average total evacuation time when opening both the doors was the minimum.From the view of microscopic density map,no matter only opening the front door,only opening the back door,or opening both the doors,the positions of crowded pedestrian under four kinds of seat layouts were similar.However,the peak value of the high-density areas when only opening the back door was higher than that when only opening the front door,while in the situation of opening both the doors,the pedestrian were under the least pressure of congestion,and the risk of accident was low.