战后日本的战争记忆与历史认识——以体验与记忆的教化为中心

Japan’s Postwar Memory of War and Its Historical Perception——Focusing on Oblivion of Experience and Memory

日本的战争记忆与历史认识的特征是以“终战”称谓代替“战败”,具有浓厚的日本人是受害者的意识,缺乏对亚洲民众的视角和加害者意识,只承认败给美国,不承认败给亚洲。日本人对侵略战争的责任意识,因作为加害者的同时也是受害者的双重性而变得模糊,因而抗拒承担加害者的责任。战争体验与记忆问题不仅要从战后日本社会的脉络去考察,还要通过包含东亚视角的相互认识的形态重新确认。通过相互认识能够保证“体验与记忆”历史真实的客观性和效用性。

The wartime memory and historical perception of Japan is characterized by the use of the term“termination”instead of“defeat”,lacking a sense of view on the Asian peoples and a sense of perpetrator,and a strong perception of history as a victim.The universal perception of history in Japanese society is that“we lost to the U.S.,but never lost to Asia.”Because of their duality as both perpetrators and victims,Japanese sense of responsibility for the war of aggression has become ambiguous,and they have shown resistance to admitting responsibility for aggressive actions.However,the problem of war experience and memory should be re-recognized not only in the social context of post-war Japan,but through the form of mutual recognition,including the gaze from East Asia.“The historical truth of experience and memory”can be guaranteed its objectivity and utility through mutual recognition.