日本中世的食物赠答文化

Food Gift Culture of the Middle Ages in Japan

食物赠答是日本区别于其他国家赠答文化的特征之一,这种食物赠答文化自古以来即有之。在中世著名的公家日记《看闻日记》《满济准后日记》中即可看到大量的食物赠答行为。以心理文化学为理论工具分析后发现,不同圈层遵循不同的交换法则:拟血缘圈层遵循娇宠法则,朋友圈层遵循义理原则,他人圈层遵循相当原则。中世食物赠答体现出越是关系疏远赠答的次数越多的特征以及所发挥的关系确认、维系感情的作用。中世食物赠答与当代食物赠答既有相同之处,又有不同之处,体现出赠答文化延续性和可变性的特征。

Food gift is one of the characteristics that distinguishes Japan from other countries’gift culture.And this food gift culture has existed since ancient times.In the famous noble diary Kanmonn Nikki and Mannsaijyungo Nikki of the Middle Ages,you can see a large number of food gifts.Based on the analysis of psychoculturology,different circles follow different exchange rules.Blood relationship follows the rule of cosseting;the circle of friends follows the principle of Justice;others follow the principle of equivalence.The more alienated the relationship,the more frequent the food gifts in the Middle Ages are,and the role of relationship recognition and relationship maintenance.There are some similarities and differences between the Middle Ages food gift and the contemporary food gift.It reflects the characteristics of continuity and variability of gift culture.