基于胜任力模型的建筑产业工人职业素质评价

Evaluation of Construction Workers’Professional Quality Based on the Competence Model

建筑工人职业素质不足正成为推广装配式建筑的瓶颈,为促进工人职业素质提升,需要制定相应的职业素质评价指标体系。在辨析胜任力内涵的基础上,改进Durand胜任力模型,从知识、技巧、态度、潜力、活力五大维度构建职业素质评价指标体系。通过系统的文献检索对建筑工人胜任指标进行隶属度筛选,并考虑建筑产业现代化要求新增部分指标。基于专家调研,运用层次分析法确定指标权重。最后,设计问卷并进行数据调研,应用建立的胜任力模型评价了建筑工人的职业素质,结果表明,建筑工人职业素质总体不足,主要原因在于建筑工人基础教育水平低、缺乏职业培训、年龄结构老化、上进心不足。针对评价结果,给出了提高建筑工人职业素质的政策建议。本研究为建立建筑产业工人职业素质评价体系提供了理论依据。

Construction workers’lack of professional quality has become the bottleneck of the promotion in prefabricated construction,therefore,the establishment of the professional quality evaluation index system to promote workers’professional quality is urgent.On the basis of analyzing the competency connotation,the Durand competence model was renewed,and the evaluation index system of construction workers was established from five dimensions(i.e.,knowledge,skills,attitudes,potential and vitality).Through the systematic literature search,the competency index of construction workers was selected by membership degree,and some new indexes were added according to the requirements of modernization of construction industry.Based on the investigation of experts,AHP(analytic hierarchy process)was used to determine the index weight.Finally,a questionnaire was designed and data investigation was carried out.Then the construction workers’professional qualities were evaluated with the established competency model.The results show that the overall lack of professional quality of construction workers is mainly due to the low level of basic education of construction workers,lack of vocational training,aging age structure and lack of ambition.According to the evaluation results,some suggestions were given to improve the professional quality of construction workers.This study provides a theoretical basis for the establishment of the construction industry workers’professional quality evaluation system.