小麦新种质系SN0594春化和光周期反应特性鉴定

Analysis of Vernalization and Photoperiod Response of New Wheat Germplasm SN0594

为了明确本实验室创制的小麦新种质SN0594的光温反应特性及其利用价值,本研究以SN0594和不同春化习性的小麦品种为材料,在明确不同材料的春化基因和光周期基因组成特点的基础上,对其在不同环境条件进行生育期鉴定。结果表明,在Vrn-A1位点含有显性等位变异的多数小麦材料在人工气候室不经过低温春化且满足长日照的条件下都能够完成抽穗,其中小麦种质系SN0594在Vrn-A1位点含有显性等位变异基因Vrn-A1a,扬麦14和扬麦15含有显性等位变异基因Vrn-A1b,中国春等则含有显性等位变异基因Vrn-D1;不同环境鉴定结果表明,SN0594在人工气候室不经春化处理条件下,能够较早开花并完成生育周期,不同显性变异基因春性效应大小为Vrn-A1a>Vrn-A1b>Vrn-B1>Vrn-D1;田间鉴定结果表明,不同小麦材料在经过冬季低温春化后,其抽穗期与在人工气候室调查发生较大差异,其中SN0594和中国春抽穗较其他品种晚,证明除了春化基因以外,光周期Ppd-D1b等其他基因对小麦生育期影响也较大,需满足一定的长日照条件才能促使小麦抽穗开花。

In order to make clear the response characteristics to temperature and photoperiod and utilization value of SN0594,a new wheat germplasm created in our laboratory,the growth period was identified under different environment conditions based on the identification of vernalization and photoperiod gene types of SN0594 and some wheat varieties with different vernalization habits.The results showed that most wheat materials with dominant allelic variation at Vrn-A1 locus could complete heading under long-day photoperiod without low temperature vernalization in the artificial climate chamber.SN0594 had a dominant allele Vrn-A1 a at Vrn-A1 locus;Yangmai 14 and Yangmai 15 had a dominant allele Vrn-A1 b,and other varieties such as Chinese Spring had a dominant allele Vrn-D1.According to the results of different environmental identification,SN0594 could flower earlier to complete the growth cycle in the artificial climate chamber without vernalization treatment;and the spring effect of different dominant variation genes was Vrn-A1 a>Vrn-A1 b>Vrn-B1>Vrn-D1.The field investigation showed that the heading time of different wheat materials after vernalization in winter was quite different from that in the artificial climate chamber.The heading of SN0594 and Chinese Spring was later compared with the other varieties,which indicated that in addition to vernalization genes,other genes such as photoperiod gene Ppd-D1 b also had great influences on the growth period of wheat,and they would promote wheat heading and flowering through meeting a certain long-day photoperiod conditions.