腐植酸型功能肥料对酸化果园土壤理化性质和苹果树生长的影响

Effects of Humic Acid Type Functional Fertilizer on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Apple Tree Growth in Acidified Orchard

为了探究腐植酸型功能肥料对酸化果园土壤理化性质和果树生长的影响,以苹果树苗及多年果园土为试验材料,采用控根器形式的盆栽方式,研究腐植酸型功能物质与氮磷钾水溶肥不同配比施用条件下果园土壤及果树的变化特征。结果表明:腐植酸型功能物质复配氮磷钾水溶肥常规处理对果树叶片、根系生长均有促进作用,与氮磷钾水溶肥常规处理相比,苹果树叶片数、叶面积、叶片干鲜重、叶绿素分别增加3.5%、8.9%、8.3%、26.0%、3.2%;根系平均直径、总根长、根总表面积及根尖数显著提高129.4%、108.0%、107.8%、110.8%;叶片和根系氮磷钾养分含量也有增加趋势。腐植酸型功能物质可以改善土壤的理化性质,稳定土壤p H值,降低土壤交换性总酸。结论:腐植酸型功能物质复配常规氮磷钾水溶肥能够促进苹果树苗叶片、根系等生物量增加,对酸化果园土壤起到提质增效的作用。

In order to explore the effects of humic acid type functional fertilizer on the physical and chemical properties of acidified orchard soil and the growth of fruit trees,the apple saplings and multi-year orchard soil were used as test materials,and the root-controlling device was used as a pot container to study the variation characteristics of orchard soil and fruit trees under different ratios of functional fertilizer combined with N-P-K water-soluble fertilizer.The results showed that the conventional application of humic acid type functional substance combined with water-soluble fertilizer(T3)had promoting effects on the growth of apple leaves and roots.Compared with the conventional application of water-soluble fertilizer(T2),the leaf number,leaf area,dry and fresh leaf weights and chlorophyll content increased by 3.5%,8.9%,8.3%,26.0%and 3.2%respectively under T3 treatment;the average root diameter,total root length,total surface area and number of root tips increased by 129.4%,108.0%,107.8%and 110.8%;the contents of leaf and root nutrients were also increased.The humic acid type functional substances could improve the physical and chemical properties of soil,stabilize soil pH,and reduce the exchangeable total acids in soil.In conclusion,the combination of functional substances and conventional water-soluble fertilizer could increase the biomass of leaves and roots of apple saplings,and improve the quality and efficiency of acidified orchard soil.