酒糟沼渣基质对番茄生长及其品质的影响

Effects of Distillers’Grains Biogas Residue Substrate on Tomato Growth and Quality

本试验基于番茄有机基质栽培模式,研究酒糟沼渣不同粗细渣配制的基质ZH(细渣∶粗渣=2∶1)、ZX(细渣∶粗渣=1∶0)、常规基质草炭(CT)及椰糠(YK)对番茄植株生长、产量及品质指标的影响。结果表明,沼渣基质的有机质和总养分含量较高,重金属和有害生物都远低于相关标准,四种抗生素在0.75 mg/kg为检出限情况下未检出,理化指标都在合理范围内,p H和EC值相对较高。沼渣基质可以促进番茄生长、改善果实品质、增加产量,其中ZH处理的株高、茎粗、叶面积高于其它3个处理,但无显著差异,仅根冠比显著高于其它处理;ZH处理产量最高,比最低产量处理YK增产11.58%,但4个处理间差异均不显著;沼渣基质较椰糠和草炭基质提高果实可溶性总糖、还原糖(果糖、葡萄糖)和VC含量,降低可滴定酸含量。ZH处理果实可溶性蛋白显著高于其它处理。主成分分析表明,ZH处理番茄综合品质评价最好;相关性分析得出,植株叶片C/N与番茄可溶性糖、可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白存在显著或极显著相关。本研究结论为沼渣基质可作为有机栽培基质,综合生物学、产量、品质性状分析结果认为,细渣与粗渣为2∶1的配比基质是有机基质栽培番茄的最佳配方。

Based on tomato organic substrate cultivation mode,the effects of different proportions of crude residue and fine residue(ZH,fine residue∶crude residue=2∶1;ZX,fine residue∶crude residue=1∶0),conventional substrate peat(CT)and coconut chaff(YK)on tomato plant growth,yield and quality were studied.The results showed that the biogas residue substrates had higher organic matter and total nutrients with the heavy metals and harmful organisms far below the relevant standards;four kinds of antibiotics were not detected out under the detection limit of 0.75 mg/kg;physical and chemical indicators were within a reasonable range,and pH and EC values were relatively higher.The biogas residue substrates could promote tomato growth,improve fruit quality and increase yield.The plant height,stem diameter and leaf area of ZH treatment were higher compared the other treatments,but the difference was not significant;only its root-shoot ratio was significantly higher.The tomato yield was the highest under ZH treatment,which increased by11.58%compared with YK treatment with the lowest yield;but there were no significant differences between the four treatments.The content of total soluble sugar,reducing sugar(fructose,glucose),and vitamin C increased,and the titratable acid content reduced under ZH and ZX treatments.The content of soluble protein was significantly higher under ZH than that under the other treatments.The results of principal component analysis showed that ZH treatment was the best to tomato quality.Through correlation analysis,it was concluded that the C/N value of leaves had significant or very significant correlation with soluble sugar,titratable acid and soluble protein of tomato.In conclusion,the biogas residue substrate could be used as organic cultivation medium,and ZH(fine residue:crude residue=2∶1)was the optimum one for organic substrate cultivation of tomato through comprehensive biology,yield and quality characteristics.