学术“近亲繁殖”概念、起因与影响:一个文献综述

On the Definition,Causes and Impacts of Academic Inbreeding:A Review

从学术“近亲繁殖”的概念界定、产生原因和潜在影响3个方面,系统梳理和总结了学术“近亲繁殖”相关研究文献。研究发现,学术“近亲繁殖”受到高校招聘与教师应聘动机、高校特征、国家政策环境等因素影响。学术“近亲繁殖”对教师个体的学术产出、职业发展,以及高校与整个国家学术系统的发展均产生显著影响。但是,当前研究在界定学术“近亲繁殖”源头问题上缺乏共识,导致学术“近亲繁殖”对教师个体的利弊争论一直存在。鉴于此,对后续研究提出两点展望:一是从动态视角分析学术“近亲繁殖”现象;二是深入研究学术“近亲繁殖”现象背后的筛选机制。

This paper systematically reviews recent literatures on academic inbreeding,focusing on its definition,causes and potential impacts.The causes of academic inbreeding include individual motivation,institutional and national context.Also,there are many empirical studies aiming to reveal the impacts of academic inbreeding on scholars’research outputs,career development,and the development of a university as well as the national academic system.However,there is no consensus among extant studies on how to define academic inbreeding,which leads to the debates on the pros and cons of academic inbreeding on the individual level.Therefore,this study puts forward two specific prospects for future research.One is to analyze the phenomenon of academic inbreeding from a dynamic perspective;the other is to reveal the selection mechanism behind the phenomenon of academic inbreeding.