交通强国的内涵及评价指标体系

Connotation and Evaluation Index System for Building China’s Strength in Transportation

交通强国建设根本上是服务国家经济社会发展的,脱离这一基本目的来建设交通强国,则会在发展导向、发展路径等方面产生根本偏差。交通强国需要二三产联动、多产业协同,促进现代化经济体系建设。对交通运输业自身而言,交通强国建设要以高质量运输服务为核心,以提高交通运输服务的效率和效益为目标,以快速、经济、安全、绿色、自主五大特征为指向。运输服务供给能力和运输服务质量是评价交通强国两个基本方面:运输服务供给能力要满足经济社会对资源时空配置的要求,即交通运输供给能力与运输需求基本平衡;运输服务质量要满足人们对美好出行的基本预期,并在国际竞争中能够领跑世界并具有可持续性。我国交通基础设施和运输服务规模多项指标位居世界前列甚至第一,这仅仅是与我国人口、经济总量和国土面积的世界地位相匹配而已。根据本文构建的交通强国评价指标体系,定性与定量相结合分析,我国距离交通强国还有差距。

The construction of transportation power is essentially to serve the economic and social development of the country,thus building a transportation power without considering this primary purpose will lead to a fundamental deviation in aspects such as the development orientation and development path.Transportation power needs the co-developmenl of secondary and tertiary industry and coordination of various industries to promote the construction of modern economic system.For the transportation industry itself,the construction of the transportation power should take the high quality transportation service as the core,aims for the improvement of efficiency and performance of the transportation service with the five characteristics of speed,economy,safety,green and autonomy as the direction.Two basic aspects to evaluate a transportation power are transport service supply capacity and transport service quality:transport service supply capacity should meet the economic and social requirements for the allocation of resources in time and space,that is,transport supply capacity and transport demand achieve basic balance;transport service quality should meet people’s basic expectations of a satisfying travel,lead the world in international competition and be sustainable.Although China’s transport infrastructure,transport services and many indicators ranks top and even number one in the world,it is only a match to China’s world status in terms of population,economic volume and land area.The evaluation index system of transportation power constructed in this paper and the qualitative and quantitative analysis suggest that China has still a long way to go before it becomes a transportation power.