晚唐敦煌著名文士张球崇佛活动考索

A Textual Research on Zhang Qiu’s Buddhist Worship Activities in Dunhuang in Late Tang Dynasty

举世闻名的敦煌文书中既存有从敦煌以外地区传入的文献,又有撰于敦煌本地的文本,而后者以其独具的异常丰富真切的历史文化信息更受研究者关注。集中探讨留存此类著述最多的文人——晚唐敦煌著名文士张球——崇佛活动的基本情况,可以为全面了解这一特殊历史人物并深入解读其作品提供些许借鉴。早在来敦煌之前,张球即信奉佛教神祇,顶戴佛教咒语;供职归义军期间与当地高僧往来密切,并曾皈依名僧,参与佛教修习;致仕后寄寓佛寺,兴办寺学,成效显著;81岁后则专心抄写佛经,在抄经题记中申诉心愿,在崇佛活动中寻求精神归宿。

Dunhuang documents consist of documents both produced locally in Dunhuang and imported from outside Dunhuang.The former has attracted more attention from researchers for its unique,abundant and authentic historical and cultural information.Zhang Qiu,a well-known scholar in Dunhuang in the late Tang Dynasty,had preserved the most of such writings.This paper discusses Zhang Qiu’s Buddhist worship activities in order to provide some reference for a comprehensive understanding of this special historical figure and an in-depth interpretation of his works.Through examination and analysis of relevant fragmentary accounts in Dunhuang documents,it is found that Zhang Qiu believed in Buddhist gods and wore Buddhist incantations long before he came to Dunhuang.During his service in the Guiyi(归义)Army,he had close contacts with local eminent monks and had converted to famous monks and participated in Buddhist practice.After retiring,he stayed in a Buddhist temple and set up temple studies with remarkable results.After the age of 81,he concentrated on copying Buddhist sutras,appealing his wishes in the inscriptions of the sutras,and seeking his spiritual home in the Buddhist worship activities.