价值问题的提出:从劳动价值论看配第、斯密与李嘉图的关联

The Proposal of the Issue of Value:A Study of the Correlation between Petty,Smith and Ricardo in the Perspective of Labor Value Theory

配第首次提出劳动价值论,却遭到斯密无情的批评。斯密批判配第无法理清价格、交换价值、价值三者之间的关联,混淆了价值与使用价值,从而忽视了劳动二重性。李嘉图摆明自己的立场对劳动价值论做了新的阐释,他批判斯密劳动价值论中未解释清楚地理论难题,主要归于:其一,斯密四种价值理论的不合理性;其二,斯密不了解资本主义的历史性,忽视了不变资本的作用;其三,斯密有关劳动价值论的适用性问题尚未得到合理解决;其四,斯密未能考虑使用价值与交换价值,以及自然价格与市场价格的内在联系。因此,站在后者批判前者的立场,挖掘相互之间的理论联系,对研究劳动价值论的本质内涵具有重要研究价值。

William Petty proposed the labor theory of value, but it was ruthlessly criticized by Smith in that the relationship among price, exchange value and value and the value was not clarified and the difference between value and use value was confusing and the duality of labor was neglected. David Ricardo re-interpreted the labor value theory from his own perspective. He criticized the unsolved theoretical problems in Smith’s labor theory of value: Firstly, Smith’s four value theories is not reasonable;Secondly, Smith did not understand the historical nature of capitalism and neglected the role of constant capital;Thirdly, Smith’s applicability of labor theory of value has not been solved reasonably;Fourthly, Smith failed to consider the use value and exchange value and the intrinsic link between natural price and market price. Therefore, from the perspective of the criticism by the scholars to previous studies, the author managed to explore the theoretical connection within each other, which will provide insight into the study of the nature of the labor theory of value.