贸易开放与工资收入:新证据和新机制

Trade Openness and Wages Rates:New Evidence and a New Mechanism

本文利用中国家庭收入调查数据和无条件分位数回归方法研究贸易开放对不同群体工资收入的动态异质性影响。结果表明,贸易开放显著提高了中国劳动力的工资收入,这一影响呈先增大后变小的动态趋势。贸易开放对不同群体工资收入的影响存在动态异质性,贸易开放早期对高工资群体的影响显著强于低工资群体,扩大了工资差距;而随着开放程度提高,这种现象趋于缓和且出现倒U型特征,即贸易开放对中等工资群体的影响最强,对工资差距起到一定调节作用。这种异质性影响可以通过外商直接投资机制来解释。

This paper explores the dynamic heterogeneity impact of trade openness on labour wage income using data from the Chinese household income survey and the unconditional quantile regression method.The results show that trade openness has significantly increased the labour force wage income in China,with a dynamic impact that first increases and then decreases.The impact of trade openness on the wage income of different groups is significantly dynamic and heterogeneous,and its effect during the initial period within high-wage groups is significantly more pronounced than in low-wage groups,which has been widening the wage gap.However,with the increase in the degree of trade openness,this phenomenon tends to be mitigated and in recent years it has shown a characteristic“inverted U-shape”,i.e.the impact of trade openness on the average wage group is the most stable and consistent,and this plays a role in regulating the wage gap.This heterogeneous effect can be explained by the mechanism associated with foreign direct investment.