玉米病虫害防治及高产栽培技术的推广

Promotion of Pests and Diseases Control and Cultivation Techniques of Maize

大斑病和螟虫害是常见的玉米病虫害。大斑病的症状为玉米的叶片部位会长出大量的灰色斑点。准备播种前,需对地块土壤进行分析筛查,定期观察玉米叶片的状态,对出现病虫害感染的叶子要及时给予科学合理的药物治疗。受到玉米螟侵害的玉米,其叶片的根茎部位会出现大量小孔。需充分了解玉米螟的生长习性、生产环境,制订有效的防治措施,在玉米螟大量涌现时,要及时对玉米进行药剂喷洒。玉米高产栽培技术主要体现在品种选择、整理地块、播种方法和播种时间上。要选择抗病性强和适应性强的品种,并根据所处地势的温差环境、土壤结构来科学合理的筛选种子。播种前,需对地块进行翻地、深耕,为玉米播种提供优质地块。可引进先进的地膜保温覆盖技术,保证土壤能及时给予玉米胚芽合适的温度。播种前,需对当地温差进行分析,进而判断玉米是否适合在此时进行播种。提出了玉米高产栽培技术推广的有效措施。应加大对技术创新培训活动的宣传力度,引导农业所与专业合作社进行合作,增大“产学研”合作交流力度。

Exserohilum turcicum and pyralis are the common diseases for maize.The symptom of exserohilum turcicum is that a large number of gray spots will grow on the leaves of the maize.Before sowing,the soil needs to be screened,the status of the maize leaves should be regularly observed,and scientific and reasonable medical treatment should be given to the leaves infected by diseases and insect pests in time.there will be a lot of small holes in the rhizome of maize attacked by pyralis.It is necessary to fully understand the growth habits and production environment of maize borers,formulate effective control measures,and spray pesticides on maize in a timely manner when maize borers emerge in large numbers.The high-yield cultivation techniques are mainly reflected in variety selection,land consolidation,planting methods and time.It is necessary to select varieties with strong disease resistance and adaptability,and scientifically and rationally select seeds according to the temperature difference environment and soil structure of the terrain.Before sowing,the plot needs to be turned over and deep ploughed to provide high-quality plots for maize planting.Advanced mulching film insulation technology can be introduced to ensure that the soil can give the maize germ a suitable temperature in time.Before sowing,the local temperature difference needs to be analyzed to determine whether maize is suitable for sowing at this time.It puts forward effective measures for the promotion of high-yield cultivation techniques of maize:increase the propaganda of technical innovation training activities,guide the cooperation between agricultural institutes and professional cooperatives,and increase the cooperation and exchange of“industry,education and research”.