易地搬迁农户的乡村产业可惠及性——湖南湘西的微观实证

Industrial Beneficiability After Farmers’Relocation:A Micro-empirical Study

搬迁农户能否融入乡村产业,决定了易地搬迁脱贫的稳定性与长效性,关系到精准扶贫与乡村振兴的战略衔接。易地搬迁通过调整农户与资源地理组合,接入市场与信息网络,使农户获得产业可惠及性。产业惠及效应的发挥受到农户异质性和政策因素的耦合影响。以湘西土家族苗族自治州农户为调研对象,对农户搬迁后的乡村产业可惠及性进行实证研究。结果表明:深度贫困农户搬迁之后疏离于乡村产业发展,陷入生计失能风险,相对贫困程度加深;户主技能或技术、信息接受渠道对农户搬迁后的产业参与及产业增收均有正向影响;信贷支持搬迁农户产业经营的精准性和有效性欠缺;集体经济组织及龙头企业带给搬迁农户的产业惠及效应有限;相比基建环境,定向扶持政策有助于引导农户融入乡村产业链并从中受益。基于上述研究,政府应重视深度贫困农户搬迁之后的生计接续和产业赋能,降低其贫困脆弱性;精准开展搬迁农户的产业技能培训;加强搬迁农户融入乡村产业振兴的信贷支持和信息供给;优化政策安排与组织链接,推动搬迁农户深度融入乡村产业链并长效受益。

The ability of relocated farmers to integrate into rural industrial revitalization determines the stability and long-term effectiveness of poverty alleviation,which is related to the strategic link between targeted poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.The relocation will adjust the geographic combination of farmers and resources,and access the market and information networks,so as to obtain industrial benefits.The exertion of industrial benefit is affected by the coupling of farmers’heterogeneity and policy factors.Based on the survey data of farmers in Jiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,an empirical study is made on the rural industry’s benefits after the relocation.The results show that:Deeply poor farmers are alienated from the development of rural industries,fall into the risk of livelihood disability,and the relative poverty is deepened after the relocation.The heads of households’skills,technology,and information channels have positive impact on the industrial participation and industrial income after the relocation;The precision and effectiveness of credit supporting the industrial operation of the relocated farmers are lacking;The industrial benefits brought by the collective economic organizations and leading enterprises to the relocated farmers are limited;Compared with the infrastructure environment,the directional support policy helps guide farmers to integrate into the rural industrial chain and benefit from it.Based on the above research,attention should be paid to the livelihood continuity and industrial empowerment of the poor rural households after the relocation,reducing their vulnerability to poverty;accurately conducting the industrial skills training of the relocated farmers;strengthening the credit support and information supply for the relocated farmers’integration into the rural industry revitalization;and optimizing policies arrange links with the organization to promote the deep integration of relocated farmers into the rural industrial chain and benefit significantly.