有机太阳能电池电子传输层材料研究进展

Research Progress of Electron Transport Layer Materials for Organic Solar Cells

随着人类社会的不断进步和科学技术的迅猛发展,太阳能作为一种可再生能源在如今资源匮乏的年代备受关注。太阳能具有成本低廉、储量丰厚、利用简单等诸多优点,吸引了众多学者竞相研究探索。有机太阳能电池作为新一代固态薄膜电池,因其可溶液加工、卷对卷印刷和打印制备成柔性器件,向已经商业化但价格昂贵的无机硅太阳能电池发起了革命性的挑战。在现阶段,有机太阳能电池还存在稳定性相对较弱和光电转换效率相对偏低两方面的缺陷。尽管已报道的有机太阳能电池的光电转换效率已经达到16.70%,但离商业化生产还有很大距离。电子传输层在器件中发挥着重要的作用,对有机太阳能电池的光电转换效率和稳定性有重要影响。目前,应用于有机太阳能电池的电子传输层材料主要为金属氟化物、n型金属氧化物、有机小分子类、聚合物电解质类和富勒烯类等。在众多电子传输层材料中,有机类电子传输层因其结构可调、可溶液加工、便于大面积印刷等优势而备受关注。本文对有机类电子传输层材料进行了归纳总结,包含聚芴类、聚噻吩类、苝酰亚胺类、富勒烯类。通过阐述已有的研究进展,对比分析各种电子传输层材料的优劣,展望电子传输层材料的发展趋势和研究前景。

With the continuous progress of human society and the rapid development of science and technology,as a kind of renewable energy,solar energy has attracted much attention in the era of resource shortage.Due to its advantages such as low cost,abundant reserves and simple use,solar energy has attracted many researchers to study and explore.As a new generation of solid-state thin-film cells,organic solar cells have presented a revolutionary challenge to the expensive commercialized inorganic silicon solar cells by their application prospects of solution processing,roll-to-roll printing and printing to fabricate flexible devices.However,at the present stage,organic solar cells still have the defects of relatively weak stability and low power conversion efficiency.Although the reported power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells has reached 16.70%,it is still a long way for realizing their commercial application.Electron transport layer plays an important role in the device and exerts asignificant influence on the power conversion efficiency and stability of the organic solar cells.At present,the electron transport materials used in organic solar cells are mainly metal fluorides,n-type metal oxides,organic small molecules,polymer electrolytes and fullerenes.Among these electron transport materials,organic electron transport layer materials have attracted much attentive because of their adjustable structure,soluble processing and large area printing,etc.In this paper,organic electron transport materials are summarized,including polyfluorenes,poly-thiophenes,phthalimides and fullerenes.The purpose is to illustrate the existing research progress,compare and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various electronic transport materials,and prospect the development trend and research prospect of electronic transport materials.