走向现代:欧洲自然主义戏剧叙事的文化观照

Towards Modernity:A Cultural Perspective on the European Dramatic Narrative of Naturalism

自然主义戏剧是19世纪后期欧洲剧坛出现的一种影响显著的思潮和流派,反映了当时突飞猛进的科学技术和哲学思想对文艺领域的渗透。它主张以实证哲学的理论和生物学、生理学等自然科学法则体验和描写生活、表现人物性格和事件,并借小剧场运动的助力,取得了相当显著的成就,为戏剧叙事艺术的发展提供了不少饶有价值的基质。自然主义戏剧叙事的特征体现在:以科学实验的态度和方法刻画社会和人物,客观、细微地观察和记录现实生活,舞台艺术讲求高度逼真和日常生活化。自然主义戏剧叙事在颠覆传统戏剧观、催生新的戏剧形态、推进西方戏剧的现代转型方面有着重要的历史意义。

Naturalism drama was an influential school and thought in European during the late period of 19 th century,which was a penetration of advanced science and technology and philosophical thought to the literature and art.It advocated experiencing,describing life and portraying character and events with the theory of positive philosophy and the laws of the natural sciences such as biology and physiology and so forth.With the aid of small theater movement,it achieved quite remarkable results and laid foundation for the development of dramatic narrative art.Naturalism dramatic narrative features depiction of society and people with the attitude and method of scientific experiment,observing and documenting real life objectively and minutely,highly realistic and ordinary in terms of stage art.Dramatic narrative of the naturalism is of historical significance to play in terms of subverting the traditional view of drama,create new forms of drama and impel transformation into modern age of western theater.