关系句与复句之辨——兼论汉语句子的功能分析

Discrimination between Relational Sentences and Complex Sentences——On the Functional Analysis of Chinese Sentences

文化语言学功能句型理论中的关系句与结构分析中的复句在句子观、事件单元、涵盖范围和分析原则上存在根本差异。对比基于小说文本的大量实例可以发现:单纯依据关联词语和逻辑-语义关系标准的复句分析是不可靠的。汉语的关系范畴渗透于短语、句子成分及小句之间,因此必须首先确定句子是否是一个以表达关系范畴为目的的功能单位,在此基础上才能进一步分析句子内部的关系范畴类型。此外,流水句是汉语句子的常态,是复句系统难以攻克的难题。只有在功能视角下,流水句的关系分析和句子成分分析才游刃有余。因此,对于汉语句子的分析一定要建立在功能视角的分析方法之下。

By comparing the relative sentences in the functional sentence pattern theory of cultural linguistics with the complex sentences in structural analysis,it is pointed out that there are essential differences between them in terms of sentence,event unit,coverage and analysis principle.At the same time,through the analysis of examples,this paper introduces the analysis methods of relational sentences and run-on sentences from the perspective of function.Run-on sentences are the normal state of Chinese sentences and difficult problems to overcome in complex sentences.From the perspective of function,the relationship analysis and sentence component analysis of run-on sentences are more reliable.Therefore,the analysis of Chinese sentences must be based on the functional perspective.