基于线性规划的亚高山草甸牧场合理利用分析

Analysis on Rational Utilization of Subalpine Meadow Pasture Based on Linear Programming

为了分析亚高山草甸季节草场的合理利用,以牧草产量为基础,用线性规划模型计算结果划分了季节草场合理占比面积;并用天然草地合理载畜量的计算标准和线性规划模型分别计算了全年、春季、暖季、冷季放牧草地合理承载量。结果表明,线性规划在季节草场的合理利用上更加有优势;线性规划模型主要应用在定点放牧上,对中等数量牲畜和中等面积以下的放牧方式进行规划;定点放牧方式牲畜不需要长途远徙消耗大量体能,饲料不足可人工补充饲草料。线性规划模型为放牧草地面积的季节性分配和合理利用以及为以草定畜的放牧试验设计和放牧方案的制定提供了科学依据。

To analyze the rational utilization of seasonal grassland in subalpine meadow,the rational proportion area of seasonal meadow was divided by linear programming model based on pasture yield.The reasonable carrying capacity of grazing grassland in the whole year,spring,warm season and cold season was calculated by using the standard of rational capacity of natural grassland and the linear programming model.The results showed that linear programming had more advantages in the rational utilization of seasonal pasture.The linear programming model is mainly used in the fixed site grazing to plan the grazing mode below the medium number of livestock and the medium area.The fixed point grazing does not need a large amount of physical energy for the long distance migration of livestock,and if the forage is insufficient to supplement,artificial forage is required.The linear programming model provides a scientific basis for the seasonal allocation and rational utilization of grazing grassland area and for the design of grazing experiments and the formulation of grazing schemes.