溶瘤病毒在胃癌治疗中的研究进展

Progress of oncolytic virus in treatment of gastric cancer

中国是胃癌发病大国,发病率及死亡率均排名前3位。新发胃癌患者中有超过70%确诊时已为晚期,传统化疗药物的治疗进入瓶颈期。近年来,有关特异性杀伤肿瘤细胞的溶瘤病毒研究迅速发展。研究发现,溶瘤病毒具有嗜肿瘤特性,不仅在肿瘤细胞内大量复制导致细胞裂解,而且细胞裂解后释放的病毒分子及相关细胞因子可诱发机体免疫反应,进一步对抗肿瘤。近年来,溶瘤病毒基因工程株在体内外均表现出有效的抗肿瘤能力,其安全性和有效性在临床中已得到证实,有望成为胃癌治疗新的方向和突破点。本文就溶瘤病毒的抗肿瘤机制、基因工程株在胃癌治疗中的研究进展及存在的挑战进行相关概述。

China is a country with a high incidence of gastric cancer,ranking the top three in terms of morbidity and mortality.More than 70%of new patients with gastric cancer have been diagnosed at advanced stage.Traditional chemotherapy drugs have hit the plateau.In recent years,oncolytic virus,which specifically kills tumor cells,has developed rapidly.It is considered to have the characteristics of targeting tumor.A large number of viruses replicate in tumor cells,leading to cell lysis or inducing immune response by releasing virus molecules and cytokines further to fight against tumor.The genetically engineered strains of oncolytic virus have shown effective anti-tumor ability both in vivo and in vitro.Its safety and effectiveness have been proved in clinical practice.So the oncolytic virotherapy is expected to be a new direction and breakthrough point in the treatment of gastric cancer.This paper reviews the anti-tumor mechanism,the research progress of genetically engineered strains in the treatment of gastric cancer and the existing challenges of oncolytic virus.