壳聚糖及其衍生物作为疫苗佐剂研究进展

Progress on Chitosan and Its Derivatives as Vaccine Adjuvants

近年来,随着新型基因工程疫苗的快速发展,其在疫病防控中发挥越来越重要的作用。与传统疫苗相比,新型疫苗特异性好、安全性高,但同时也存在免疫原性弱,难以诱导机体产生有效的免疫应答等不足。如何利用安全有效的免疫佐剂来增强新型疫苗免疫效果已成为当前亟待解决的突出问题。壳聚糖是来源于甲壳质的天然高分子化合物,具有良好的黏膜吸附性、生物相容性、安全性和可改造性,与传统免疫佐剂相比,它不仅能够协助疫苗激活机体的体液免疫,更能有效激活机体的细胞免疫,尤其是其可增强疫苗诱导的黏膜免疫效应。论文就近年来有关壳聚糖及其衍生物的理化特性、作为疫苗佐剂的优势及机制等进行综述,以期为壳聚糖及其衍生物佐剂作用机理研究与临床应用提供参考。

In recent years,new generation vaccines have been gradually developed and played an important role in disease prevention and control.Compared with traditional vaccines,although the new generation vaccines are specific and safe,have weak reactivity,low immunogenicity,and difficulty in inducing organism to produce an effective immune response.Therefore,how to use safe and effective immune adjuvant to enhance the immune effect of new vaccines has become an urgent problem to be solved.Chitosan is a natural polymer compound derived from chitin.It has efficient mucosal adsorption,biocompatibility,safety and modification.Compared with traditional vaccine adjuvants,Chitosan can not only assist the vaccine to activate the host humoral immunity,but also effectively activate the cellular immunity,especially in enhancing vaccine-induced mucosal immunity.This paper reviewed the physicochemical properties of chitosan and its derivatives,its advantages and mechanisms as vaccine adjuvants,and the current research progress,in order to provide reference for the mechanism and clinical application of chitosan and its derivatives adjuvants.