农户公平感知对村组织信任的影响机制分析

An empirical analysis of the impact mechanism of farmers’fairness perception on political trust

乡村治理有效是农业农村现代化的重要基石,而“信”是“治”的必要条件,因此研究公平感知对村组织信任的影响具有重要的理论与实践意义。本文利用微观农户调查数据,分析农户对村组织信任的基本情况,采用OLS估计和IV工具变量法,探讨农户公平感知对村组织信任的直接性和传播性影响机制。结果表明,样本农户对村组织的信任水平处于模糊信任与比较信任之间;农户公平感知的两个维度中,结果公平感知正向促进农户对村组织的信任水平,程序公平感知对村组织信任的直接性影响并不显著;但程序公平感知与村组织信任之间的作用关系,会受到收入水平的正向调节影响。农户公平感知对村组织信任的传播性影响,依然表现出结果至上的特点,即村内感知结果公平的农户占比越多,越提升农户对村组织的信任水平,而且传播性影响强度高于直接性影响。研究表明,当前必须高度重视与农户利益直接性相关的结果公平。但从长远看,随着农户收入水平的提高,必须强调程序公平对于正义伸张的重要性。同时需要避免因分配不公导致的羊群效应,影响其他农户对村组织的信任评价。

Effective rural governance is the cornerstone of rural and agricultural modernization.The key to“governance”lies in“trust”.Thus,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the impact of fairness perception on political trust at village level.Based on a micro farmer survey data and applying the OLS and IV estimator,this research tries to examine the distribution of political trust and the impact mechanism between fairness perception and political trust.Results show that,in general,the village-level political trust of surveyed farmers is between“fuzzy trust”and“relative trust”.And farmers’fairness perception promotes political trust among farmers,but procedural fairness does not.While the increase in income results in the enhancement of the causality between political trust and procedural fairness,indicating that economic development itself will attract farmers’attention to procedural fairness.Further analysis shows that with the increase in proportion of fairness perception holders,political trust goes up.Therefore,the local government should pay more attention to income increase.In the long run,as wages go up,procedural fairness is supposed to be emphasized.In order to avoid destroying political trust at village level,“herd behavior”should be avoided by upholding the principle of distributive fairness.