不同种源樟树果实和种子表型性状对比分析

Comparative Analysis of Phenotypic Traits of Fruits and Seeds of Cinnamomum camphora from Different Provenances

为探讨不同种源樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)果实和种子的表型性状差异程度、变异规律及其与地理气候因子的关系,以重庆、湖南和广西等7个种源地的樟树果实和种子为试验材料,采用方差分析、相关性分析和主成分分析方法对樟树果实和种子的8个表型性状进行比较研究。结果表明,除果形指数外,其他7个表型性状在种源间均差异极显著。8个表型性状的变异系数为3.671%~18.497%,其中种子千粒重的变异系数最大(18.497%),种形指数的变异系数最小(3.671%),说明樟树的种子形状最稳定。樟树果实及种子的表型性状与年均气温和年均降水量相关性明显,在年均气温高和年均降水量大的分布区,果实和种子较大,并呈现由北向南逐渐增大的趋势。

In order to explore degree of phenotypic trait difference and variation law of fruits and seeds from different provenances of Cinnamomum camphora and their relationships with geographical and climatic factors,fruits and seeds of C. camphora from seven provenances including Chongqing, Hunan, and Guangxi were used as test materials, and analysis methods of variance, correlation, and principal component were applied to contrast and analyze eight phenotypic traits of fruits and seeds. Results showed that except for fruit shape index,the other seven phenotypic traits had extremely significant differences among provenances. Variation coefficients of eight phenotypic traits were from 3.671% to 18.497%. Among them, variation coefficient of thousand-grain weight of seed was the largest(18.497%), and variation coefficient of seed shape index was the smallest(3.671%), which showed that seed shape was the most stable. Phenotypic traits of fruits and seeds were significantly correlated with annual average temperature and annual average rainfall. In the distribution area with high annual average temperature and annual average rainfall, C. camphora tended to have large fruits and seeds, which showed a trend of gradually increasing from north to south.