学龄儿童饮食行为习惯与超重和肥胖的关系

Relationship between eating habits and overweight and obesity in school-age children

目的调查河南省安阳地区学龄儿童超重与肥胖情况,分析学龄儿童饮食行为习惯与超重、肥胖的关系,为指导儿童健康饮食行为习惯提供参考依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2019年3月28~29日在河南省安阳市小学抽取学生作为研究对象,对其进行体格检查;同时,对研究对象的父母或看护人进行相关调查问卷,获取研究对象的一般人口学特征、饮食行为习惯、家族史和运动、睡眠等日常行为习惯信息,分析饮食行为习惯与超重、肥胖的关系。结果共纳入548名调查对象,其中男312名,女236名;肥胖检出率为5.47%(30/548),男、女性儿童肥胖检出率分别为6.73%(21/312)、3.81%(9/236);超重检出率为13.32%(73/548),男、女性儿童超重检出率分别为16.03%(50/312)、9.75%(23/236);男性儿童肥胖和超重检出率高于女性(χ^2=48.361、10.690,P<0.01)。早餐食用鸡蛋、中餐食用白肉和海鲜、晚餐食用深色蔬菜、每日进行体育锻炼、游泳是学龄儿童超重、肥胖的保护性因素(P<0.05);中餐食用动物内脏、食用甜食糖果类和饼干类零食、每日夜间醒来次数多是学龄儿童超重、肥胖的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论不良的饮食行为习惯与学龄儿童超重、肥胖存在关联,提高儿童自身、家长及社会对超重、肥胖的认知,建立健康的生活方式,帮助学龄儿童形成良好的饮食及体育运动锻炼习惯,可降低学龄儿童超重、肥胖发病率,促进学龄儿童身心健康发展。

Objective To investigate the overweight and obesity of school-age children in Anyang area of Henan province,and analyze the relationship between their eating habits and overweight and obesity,so as to provide reference for guiding their healthy eating habits.Methods The students were selected in primary school of Anyang area of Henan Province from March 28 to 29,2019 by the stratified cluster random sampling method.The primary school students were performed with physical examination.At the same time,the parents or orderlies of the subjects were investigated by questionnaire to obtain the general demographic characteristics,students′eating habits,family history,exercise,sleep and other daily behavior information.Then the relationship between students′eating habits and overweight and obesity was analyzed.Results A total of 548 respondents were included,including 312 males and 236 females.The detection rate of obesity was 5.47%(30/548),the detection rate of obesity in male and female children was 6.73%(21/312)and 3.81%(9/236),respectively.The detection rate of overweight was 13.32%(73/548),the detection rate of overweight in male and female children was 16.03%(50/312)and 9.75%(23/236),respectively.The detection rates of obesity and overweight in male children were higher than those in female children(χ^2=48.361,10.690;P<0.01).Eggs for breakfast,white meat and seafood for lunch,dark vegetables for dinner,daily physical exercise and swimming were the protective factors for overweight and obesity of school-age children(P<0.05).Animal viscera for lunch,eating sweet food and sweetmeats and biscuits,and waking up many times every night were the risk factors for overweight and obesity in school-age children(P<0.05).Conclusion Unhealthy eating habits are associated with overweight and obesity in school-age children.Therefore,improving the cognition of children,parents and society on overweight and obesity,establishing healthy lifestyles and helping school-age children to form good diet and exercise habits can reduce the incidence rate of overweight and obesity and promote the physical and mental health of school-age children.