新冠肺炎疫情下的农业农村复工复产调查报告——基于全国29个省份1636个县4871个自然村的调查

Investigation report on the return to work and production in agriculture and rural areas during the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic

农业农村是国计民生的命脉所在,农村劳动力"动起来""走出去",不仅是第一产业,更是二三产业复工复产的关键所在。课题组设计了新冠肺炎疫情期间的针对农业农村复工复产问题的调查问卷,通过对29个省份1636个县域4871个自然村的调查,共回收有效问卷9757份。调查发现的主要问题包括村干部的工作重心"一边倒";农产品出现滞销;农村春耕备播形势严峻;农村企业、个体工商户开工严重不足、用工短缺;外出打工和本地就业人数大幅下降等。对影响农业农村复工复产的主要制约因素从组织层面、个体层面、客观困难进行了分析。最后,提出了政策建议。

Agriculture and rural areas are the lifeblood of the national economy and the people’s livelihood.The"moving"and "going out"of rural labor force are the key to the resumption of not only the primary industry,but also the secondary and tertiary industries.The research group designed a questionnaire on the return to work and production in agricultural and rural areas during the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic.4871 natural villages in 1636 counties in 29 provinces were investigated and 9757 valid questionnaires were collected. The main problems found by the survey include the "one sidedness"of the work focus of village leaders,unsalable agricultural products,severe situation of preparing for sowing of spring ploughing in rural areas,serious shortage of starting work and employment of rural enterprises and individual businesses,and sharp decrease in the number of migrant workers and local employees.This paper analyzes the main restricting factors of the work resumption in agriculture and rural areas from the perspective of organization,individual and objective difficulties.Finally,several policy suggestions are proposed.